X3D Example Archives: Humanoid Animation, Bones

All Bones Collection    

The Bones example models are simple geometric shapes of bones and cartilage, with no HAnim structural nodes included. They are suitable for composition and reuse in HAnim models by loading via either Inline or InlineGeometry nodes.

These models are improved versions of Shape geometry found in the originals subdirectory with naming changes recorded in CHANGELOG.md. These results provide full anatomical fidelity for all human joints and bones (segments). Design includes correct names to match the HAnim specification, manageable file sizes, and portability for reuse.

These examples were first published in X3D Example Archives: Basic, Medical and support the work of the Web3D Humanoid Animation (HAnim) Working Group. This directory holds third-generation HAnim updates of those original geometry-only examples.

The majority of these bones are connected to animatable joints and can be found, with the same names, in HAnim Level of Articulation (LOA)-4, defined at Humanoid Animation (HAnim) Architecture specification draft version 4.1, clause 4 Concepts, section 4.11.6.5 LOA‑4 hierarchy. Additional models listed here (such as teeth and cartilage) can someday get adopted in the HAnim Specification draft version 2.1 in a new section defining Level of Articulation LOA-5.

TODO: rename/reuse original cartilage models, and restore missing models c1disc.x3d and l_tarsal_distal_phalanx_5.x3d.

skull with frontal bone selected

r_hand is right hand

  292 X3D Models       X3D Model Descriptions
   AllBonesCollection AllBonesCollection Specification reference: X3D 4.0 Architecture, ISO/IEC 19775-1:202x draft version 4.1, clause 4 Concepts, section 4.11.6.6 LOA‑5 hierarchy AllBonesCollection shows a visual inventory of all bones in this directory, with model order corresponding to the HAnim Specification draft v2.1 Level of Articulation LOA5 diagram. No HAnimHumanoid, HAnimJoint or HAnimSegment nodes are included. This Inline collection confirms that each bone model is already positioned to match a default skeleton. To facilitate reuse, all model names match the HAnim specification, and all units are in meters.

Specification reference: X3D 4.0 Architecture, ISO/IEC 19775-1:202x draft version 4.1, clause 4 Concepts, section 4.11.6.6 LOA‑5 hierarchy
   AllBonesLOA5Skeletons AllBonesLOA5Skeletons Specification reference: X3D 4.0 Architecture, ISO/IEC 19775-1:202x draft version 4.1, clause 4 Concepts, section 4.11.6.6 LOA‑5 hierarchy Two HAnim LOA5 skeletons are provided that integrate all bones using HAnimJoint and HAnimSegment nodes, composing either external models or individual meshes. The left-side HAnimHumanoid skeleton is created with Inline nodes where translation, center, Appearance, and Material values that are already defined within each external model. The right-side HAnimHumanoid skeleton shows InlineGeometry loading of meshes, with author-controlled translation, center, Appearance and Material values defined locally. Model order corresponds to the HAnim Specification draft v2.1 Level of Articulation LOA5 diagram. To facilitate reuse, all model names match the HAnim specification, and all units are in meters.

Specification reference: X3D 4.0 Architecture, ISO/IEC 19775-1:202x draft version 4.1, clause 4 Concepts, section 4.11.6.6 LOA‑5 hierarchy
   AllBonesLOA5SkeletonsLeftAnimation AllBonesLOA5SkeletonsLeftAnimation Specification reference: X3D 4.0 Architecture, ISO/IEC 19775-1:202x draft version 4.1, clause 4 Concepts, section 4.11.6.6 LOA‑5 hierarchy Two HAnim LOA5 skeletons are provided that integrate all bones using HAnimJoint and HAnimSegment nodes, composing either external models or individual meshes. The left-side HAnimHumanoid skeleton is created with Inline nodes where translation, center, Appearance, and Material values that are already defined within each external model. The right-side HAnimHumanoid skeleton shows InlineGeometry loading of meshes, with author-controlled translation, center, Appearance and Material values defined locally. To facilitate reuse, all model names match the HAnim specification, and all units are in meters.

Specification reference: X3D 4.0 Architecture, ISO/IEC 19775-1:202x draft version 4.1, clause 4 Concepts, section 4.11.6.6 LOA‑5 hierarchy
   c1 c1 c1 (also known as Atlas) is one of cervical vertebrae in the neck, immediately below the skull
   c2 c2 c2 (also known as Axis) is one of cervical vertebrae in the neck, immediately below the skull
   c2disc c2disc intervertebral disc
   c3 c3 c3 is one of cervical vertebrae in the neck, immediately below the skull
   c3disc c3disc intervertebral disc
   c4 c4 c4 is one of cervical vertebrae in the neck, immediately below the skull
   c4disc c4disc intervertebral disc
   c5 c5 c5 is one of cervical vertebrae in the neck, immediately below the skull
   c5disc c5disc intervertebral disc
   c6 c6 c6 is one of cervical vertebrae in the neck, immediately below the skull
   c6disc c6disc intervertebral disc
   c7 c7 c7 is one of cervical vertebrae in the neck, immediately below the skull
   c7disc c7disc intervertebral disc
   chest chest chest (thorax) collects sternum and all of the ribs (which actually are connected to individual vertebrae)
   coccyx coccyx single bone at base of spine
   ethmoid ethmoid paired complex bone/cartilage structure in skull that separates nasal cavity from brain, located at roof of nose, between the two orbits
   frontal frontal forehead: frontal bone or sincipital bone is unpaired bone which consists of two portions, the vertically oriented squamous part, and the horizontally oriented orbital part, making up the bony part of the forehead, part of the bony orbital cavity holding the eye, and part of the bony part of the nose respectively
   jaw jaw jaw includes mandible (lower jaw or jawbone) and lower teeth
   l1 l1 l1 is among lumbar vertebrae located between thoracic vertebrae and pelvis, forming lower part of the back
   l1disc l1disc intervertebral disc
   l2 l2 l2 is among lumbar vertebrae located between thoracic vertebrae and pelvis, forming lower part of the back
   l2disc l2disc intervertebral disc
   l3 l3 l3 is among lumbar vertebrae located between thoracic vertebrae and pelvis, forming lower part of the back
   l3disc l3disc intervertebral disc
   l4 l4 l4 is among lumbar vertebrae located between thoracic vertebrae and pelvis, forming lower part of the back
   l4disc l4disc intervertebral disc
   l5 l5 l5 is among lumbar vertebrae located between thoracic vertebrae and pelvis, forming lower part of the back
   l5disc l5disc intervertebral disc
   l_calcaneus l_calcaneus bone of tarsus of the foot which constitutes the heel
   l_calf l_calf Specification reference: X3D 4.0 Architecture, ISO/IEC 19775-1:202x draft version 4.1, clause 4 Concepts, section 4.11.6.6 LOA‑5 hierarchy l_calf includes l_patella, l_tibia and l_fibula

Specification reference: X3D 4.0 Architecture, ISO/IEC 19775-1:202x draft version 4.1, clause 4 Concepts, section 4.11.6.6 LOA‑5 hierarchy
   l_capitate l_capitate bone in wrist
   l_carpal l_carpal The medical definition for carpal bones are eight small bones that make up the wrist (carpus) connecting the hand to the forearm. This l_carpal wrist model includes four LOA-5 bones l_scaphoid, l_lunate, l_triquetral, l_pisiform. The four additional bones are accounted for in separate LOA-4 models for l_trapezium, l_trapezoid, l_capitate, and l_hamate.
   l_carpal_distal_phalanx_1 l_carpal_distal_phalanx_1 fingertip
   l_carpal_distal_phalanx_2 l_carpal_distal_phalanx_2 fingertip
   l_carpal_distal_phalanx_3 l_carpal_distal_phalanx_3 fingertip
   l_carpal_distal_phalanx_4 l_carpal_distal_phalanx_4 fingertip
   l_carpal_distal_phalanx_5 l_carpal_distal_phalanx_5 fingertip
   l_carpal_middle_phalanx_2 l_carpal_middle_phalanx_2 bone in finger
   l_carpal_middle_phalanx_3 l_carpal_middle_phalanx_3 bone in finger
   l_carpal_middle_phalanx_4 l_carpal_middle_phalanx_4 bone in finger
   l_carpal_middle_phalanx_5 l_carpal_middle_phalanx_5 bone in finger
   l_carpal_proximal_phalanx_1 l_carpal_proximal_phalanx_1 bone in finger
   l_carpal_proximal_phalanx_2 l_carpal_proximal_phalanx_2 bone in finger
   l_carpal_proximal_phalanx_3 l_carpal_proximal_phalanx_3 bone in finger
   l_carpal_proximal_phalanx_4 l_carpal_proximal_phalanx_4 bone in finger
   l_carpal_proximal_phalanx_5 l_carpal_proximal_phalanx_5 bone in finger
   l_clavicle l_clavicle clavicle, collarbone, or keybone is a slender, S-shaped long bone that serves as a strut between shoulder blade and sternum (breastbone)
   l_costal_cartilage l_costal_cartilage costal cartilage, also known as rib cartilage, are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to elasticity of walls of thorax
   l_cuboid l_cuboid cuboid bone is most lateral of bones in distal row of tarsus
   l_cuneiform_1 l_cuneiform_1 Also known as first or medial cuneiform, l_cuneiform_1 is a medial wedge-shaped bone in foot
   l_cuneiform_2 l_cuneiform_2 Also known as second, intermediate or middle cuneiform, l_cuneiform_2 is an intermediate wedge-shaped bone in foot
   l_cuneiform_3 l_cuneiform_3 Also known as third or lateral cuneiform, l_cuneiform_3 is a lateral wedge-shaped bone in foot
   l_ethmoid l_ethmoid paired complex bone/cartilage structure in skull that separates nasal cavity from brain, located at roof of nose, between the two orbits
   l_femur l_femur femur or thigh bone is only bone in thigh, the region of lower limb between hip and knee
   l_fibula l_fibula leg bone on lateral side of tibia, to which it is connected above and below
   l_foot l_foot The foot is terminal limb of the leg, containing many bones. This model composes l_calcaneus, l_cuboid, l_cuneiform_1, l_cuneiform_2, l_cuneiform_3, l_metatarsal_1, l_metatarsal_2, l_metatarsal_3, l_metatarsal_4, l_metatarsal_5, l_navicular, l_talus, l_tarsal_distal_phalanx_1, l_tarsal_distal_phalanx_2, l_tarsal_distal_phalanx_3, l_tarsal_distal_phalanx_4, l_tarsal_distal_phalanx_5, l_tarsal_middle_phalanx_2, l_tarsal_middle_phalanx_3, l_tarsal_middle_phalanx_4, l_tarsal_middle_phalanx_5, l_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_1, l_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_2, l_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_3, l_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_4, l_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_5
   l_forearm l_forearm Specification reference: X3D 4.0 Architecture, ISO/IEC 19775-1:202x draft version 4.1, clause 4 Concepts, section 4.11.6.6 LOA‑5 hierarchy l_forearm includes l_radius and l_ulna

Specification reference: X3D 4.0 Architecture, ISO/IEC 19775-1:202x draft version 4.1, clause 4 Concepts, section 4.11.6.6 LOA‑5 hierarchy
   l_hamate l_hamate bone in wrist
   l_hand l_hand The hand is terminal limb of the arm, containing many bones that are composed in this model.
   l_hip_bone l_hip_bone hip bone (os coxae, innominate bone, or coxal bone) is a large flat bone, constricted in center and expanded above and below
   l_humerus l_humerus long bone in arm that runs from shoulder to elbow
   l_inferior_nasal_conchae l_inferior_nasal_conchae inferior nasal concha (inferior turbinated bone or inferior turbinal/turbinate) is one of the three paired nasal conchae in the nose
   l_lacrimal l_lacrimal lacrimal bones are two small and fragile bones of the facial skeleton, they are roughly the size of the little fingernail and situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit
   l_lunate l_lunate bone in wrist
   l_maxilla l_maxilla upper fixed bone of jaw formed from fusion of two maxillary bones, including hard palate in front of mouth
   l_metacarpal_1 l_metacarpal_1 bone in finger
   l_metacarpal_2 l_metacarpal_2 bone in finger
   l_metacarpal_3 l_metacarpal_3 bone in finger
   l_metacarpal_4 l_metacarpal_4 bone in finger
   l_metacarpal_5 l_metacarpal_5 bone in finger
   l_metatarsal_1 l_metatarsal_1 bone in foot
   l_metatarsal_2 l_metatarsal_2 bone in foot
   l_metatarsal_3 l_metatarsal_3 bone in foot
   l_metatarsal_4 l_metatarsal_4 bone in foot
   l_metatarsal_5 l_metatarsal_5 bone in foot
   l_nasal l_nasal two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals, side by side to form bridge of upper third of nose
   l_navicular l_navicular bone in foot
   l_palatine l_palatine irregular bone of facial skeleton, located above uvula in throat
   l_parietal l_parietal parietal bones are two bones in skull which form sides and roof of neurocranium
   l_patella l_patella Segmentation of a human patella (kneecap) based on a CT scan of a full leg, used with permission from NIH 3D Print Exchange. Translated to left side.
   l_pisiform l_pisiform bone in wrist
   l_radius l_radius one of two large bones of forearm, extending from lateral side of elbow to thumb side of wrist and running parallel to ulna
   l_rib1 l_rib1 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   l_rib10 l_rib10 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   l_rib11 l_rib11 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   l_rib12 l_rib12 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   l_rib2 l_rib2 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   l_rib3 l_rib3 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   l_rib4 l_rib4 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   l_rib5 l_rib5 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   l_rib6 l_rib6 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   l_rib7 l_rib7 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   l_rib8 l_rib8 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   l_rib9 l_rib9 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   l_scaphoid l_scaphoid bone in wrist
   l_scapula l_scapula scapula, also known as shoulder blade, connects humerus (upper arm bone) with clavicle (collar bone)
   l_talus l_talus talus or ankle bone is one of foot bones known as the tarsus, which forms lower part of ankle joint
   l_tarsal_distal_phalanx_1 l_tarsal_distal_phalanx_1 bone in foot
   l_tarsal_distal_phalanx_2 l_tarsal_distal_phalanx_2 bone in foot
   l_tarsal_distal_phalanx_3 l_tarsal_distal_phalanx_3 bone in foot
   l_tarsal_distal_phalanx_4 l_tarsal_distal_phalanx_4 bone in foot
   l_tarsal_middle_phalanx_2 l_tarsal_middle_phalanx_2 bone in foot
   l_tarsal_middle_phalanx_3 l_tarsal_middle_phalanx_3 bone in foot
   l_tarsal_middle_phalanx_4 l_tarsal_middle_phalanx_4 bone in foot
   l_tarsal_middle_phalanx_5 l_tarsal_middle_phalanx_5 bone in foot
   l_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_1 l_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_1 bone in foot
   l_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_2 l_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_2 bone in foot
   l_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_3 l_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_3 bone in foot
   l_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_4 l_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_4 bone in foot
   l_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_5 l_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_5 bone in foot
   l_temporal l_temporal paired bone situated at sides and base of skull, lateral to temporal lobe of cerebral cortex
   l_thigh l_thigh l_thigh includes l_femur
   l_tibia l_tibia tibia, also known as the shinbone, shankbone or simply shin, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of two bones in leg below knee
   l_trapezium l_trapezium bone in wrist
   l_trapezoid l_trapezoid bone in wrist
   l_triquetral l_triquetral bone in wrist
   l_ulna l_ulna long bone in forearm stretching from elbow to wrist, on same side of forearm as little finger, running parallel to radius which is other long bone in forearm
   l_upperarm l_upperarm l_upperarm includes l_humerus
   l_zygomatic l_zygomatic zygomatic bone (also called cheekbone or malar bone) is situated at upper and lateral part of face
   lcartend lcartend cartilage model, TODO finish
   lccart lccart cartilage model, TODO finish
   lccart2 lccart2 cartilage model, TODO finish
   lfreecrt lfreecrt cartilage model, TODO finish
   lowerTeeth lowerTeeth lowerTeeth includes all lower teeth
   mandible mandible mandible, lower jaw, or jawbone is bone that makes up lower and more mobile component of mouth
   occipital occipital occipital bone is a cranial dermal bone and main bone of occiput (back and lower part of the skull)
   pelvis pelvis pelvis includes l_hip_bone, r_hip_bone, pubic_symphysis, coccyx. Note that sacrum is considered part of pelvis anatomy, but sacrum is modeled in LOA-0 as segment for parent humanoid_root joint
   pubic_symphysis pubic_symphysis pubic symphysis is a secondary cartilaginous joint between left and right hip bones
   r_calcaneus r_calcaneus bone of the tarsus of the foot which constitutes the heel
   r_calf r_calf Specification reference: X3D 4.0 Architecture, ISO/IEC 19775-1:202x draft version 4.1, clause 4 Concepts, section 4.11.6.6 LOA‑5 hierarchy r_calf includes r_patella, r_tibia and r_fibula

Specification reference: X3D 4.0 Architecture, ISO/IEC 19775-1:202x draft version 4.1, clause 4 Concepts, section 4.11.6.6 LOA‑5 hierarchy
   r_capitate r_capitate bone in wrist
   r_carpal r_carpal The medical definition for carpal bones are eight small bones that make up the wrist (carpus) connecting the hand to the forearm. This r_carpal wrist model includes four LOA-5 bones r_scaphoid, r_lunate, r_triquetral, r_pisiform. The four additional bones are accounted for in separate LOA-4 models for r_trapezium, r_trapezoid, r_capitate, and r_hamate.
   r_carpal_distal_phalanx_1 r_carpal_distal_phalanx_1 fingertip
   r_carpal_distal_phalanx_2 r_carpal_distal_phalanx_2 fingertip
   r_carpal_distal_phalanx_3 r_carpal_distal_phalanx_3 fingertip
   r_carpal_distal_phalanx_4 r_carpal_distal_phalanx_4 fingertip
   r_carpal_distal_phalanx_5 r_carpal_distal_phalanx_5 fingertip
   r_carpal_middle_phalanx_2 r_carpal_middle_phalanx_2 bone in finger
   r_carpal_middle_phalanx_3 r_carpal_middle_phalanx_3 bone in finger
   r_carpal_middle_phalanx_4 r_carpal_middle_phalanx_4 bone in finger
   r_carpal_middle_phalanx_5 r_carpal_middle_phalanx_5 bone in finger
   r_carpal_proximal_phalanx_1 r_carpal_proximal_phalanx_1 bone in finger
   r_carpal_proximal_phalanx_2 r_carpal_proximal_phalanx_2 bone in finger
   r_carpal_proximal_phalanx_3 r_carpal_proximal_phalanx_3 bone in finger
   r_carpal_proximal_phalanx_4 r_carpal_proximal_phalanx_4 bone in finger
   r_carpal_proximal_phalanx_5 r_carpal_proximal_phalanx_5 bone in finger
   r_clavicle r_clavicle clavicle, collarbone, or keybone is a slender, S-shaped long bone that serves as a strut between shoulder blade and sternum (breastbone)
   r_costal_cartilage r_costal_cartilage costal cartilage, also known as rib cartilage, are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to elasticity of walls of thorax
   r_cuboid r_cuboid cuboid bone is most lateral of bones in distal row of tarsus
   r_cuneiform_1 r_cuneiform_1 Also known as first or medial cuneiform, r_cuneiform_1 is a medial wedge-shaped bone in foot
   r_cuneiform_2 r_cuneiform_2 Also known as second, intermediate or middle cuneiform, r_cuneiform_2 is an intermediate wedge-shaped bone in foot
   r_cuneiform_3 r_cuneiform_3 Also known as third or lateral cuneiform, l_cuneiform_3 is a lateral wedge-shaped bone in foot
   r_ethmoid r_ethmoid paired complex bone/cartilage structure in skull that separates nasal cavity from brain, located at roof of nose, between the two orbits
   r_femur r_femur femur or thigh bone is only bone in thigh, the region of lower limb between hip and knee
   r_fibula r_fibula leg bone on lateral side of tibia, to which it is connected above and below
   r_foot r_foot The foot is terminal limb of the leg, containing many bones. This model composes r_calcaneus, r_cuboid, r_cuneiform_1, r_cuneiform_2, r_cuneiform_3, r_metatarsal_1, r_metatarsal_2, r_metatarsal_3, r_metatarsal_4, r_metatarsal_5, r_navicular, r_talus, r_tarsal_distal_phalanx_1, r_tarsal_distal_phalanx_2, r_tarsal_distal_phalanx_3, r_tarsal_distal_phalanx_4, r_tarsal_distal_phalanx_5, r_tarsal_middle_phalanx_2, r_tarsal_middle_phalanx_3, r_tarsal_middle_phalanx_4, r_tarsal_middle_phalanx_5, r_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_1, r_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_2, r_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_3, r_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_4, r_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_5.
   r_forearm r_forearm Specification reference: X3D 4.0 Architecture, ISO/IEC 19775-1:202x draft version 4.1, clause 4 Concepts, section 4.11.6.6 LOA‑5 hierarchy r_forearm includes r_radius and r_ulna

Specification reference: X3D 4.0 Architecture, ISO/IEC 19775-1:202x draft version 4.1, clause 4 Concepts, section 4.11.6.6 LOA‑5 hierarchy
   r_hamate r_hamate bone in wrist
   r_hand r_hand The hand is terminal limb of the arm, containing many bones that are composed in this model.
   r_hip_bone r_hip_bone hip bone (os coxae, innominate bone, or coxal bone) is a large flat bone, constricted in center and expanded above and below
   r_humerus r_humerus long bone in arm that runs from shoulder to elbow
   r_inferior_nasal_conchae r_inferior_nasal_conchae inferior nasal concha (inferior turbinated bone or inferior turbinal/turbinate) is one of the three paired nasal conchae in the nose
   r_lacrimal r_lacrimal lacrimal bones are two small and fragile bones of the facial skeleton, they are roughly the size of the little fingernail and situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit
   r_lunate r_lunate bone in wrist
   r_maxilla r_maxilla upper fixed bone of jaw formed from fusion of two maxillary bones, including hard palate in front of mouth
   r_metacarpal_1 r_metacarpal_1 bone in finger
   r_metacarpal_2 r_metacarpal_2 bone in finger
   r_metacarpal_3 r_metacarpal_3 bone in finger
   r_metacarpal_4 r_metacarpal_4 bone in finger
   r_metacarpal_5 r_metacarpal_5 bone in finger
   r_metatarsal_1 r_metatarsal_1 bone in foot
   r_metatarsal_2 r_metatarsal_2 bone in foot
   r_metatarsal_3 r_metatarsal_3 bone in foot
   r_metatarsal_4 r_metatarsal_4 bone in foot
   r_metatarsal_5 r_metatarsal_5 bone in foot
   r_nasal r_nasal two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals, side by side to form bridge of upper third of nose
   r_navicular r_navicular bone in foot
   r_palatine r_palatine irregular bone of facial skeleton, located above uvula in throat
   r_parietal r_parietal parietal bones are two bones in skull which form sides and roof of neurocranium
   r_patella r_patella Segmentation of a human patella (kneecap) based on a CT scan of a full leg, used with permission from NIH 3D Print Exchange. Translated to right side.
   r_pisiform r_pisiform bone in wrist
   r_radius r_radius one of two large bones of forearm, extending from lateral side of elbow to thumb side of wrist and running parallel to ulna
   r_rib1 r_rib1 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   r_rib10 r_rib10 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   r_rib11 r_rib11 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   r_rib12 r_rib12 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   r_rib2 r_rib2 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   r_rib3 r_rib3 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   r_rib4 r_rib4 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   r_rib5 r_rib5 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   r_rib6 r_rib6 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   r_rib7 r_rib7 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   r_rib8 r_rib8 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   r_rib9 r_rib9 rib cage or thoracic cage is endoskeletal enclosure in thorax that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect vital organs of thoracic cavity
   r_scaphoid r_scaphoid bone in wrist
   r_scapula r_scapula scapula, also known as shoulder blade, connects humerus (upper arm bone) with clavicle (collar bone)
   r_talus r_talus talus or ankle bone is one of foot bones known as the tarsus, which forms lower part of ankle joint
   r_tarsal_distal_phalanx_1 r_tarsal_distal_phalanx_1 bone in foot
   r_tarsal_distal_phalanx_2 r_tarsal_distal_phalanx_2 bone in foot
   r_tarsal_distal_phalanx_3 r_tarsal_distal_phalanx_3 bone in foot
   r_tarsal_distal_phalanx_4 r_tarsal_distal_phalanx_4 bone in foot
   r_tarsal_distal_phalanx_5 r_tarsal_distal_phalanx_5 bone in foot
   r_tarsal_middle_phalanx_2 r_tarsal_middle_phalanx_2 bone in foot
   r_tarsal_middle_phalanx_3 r_tarsal_middle_phalanx_3 bone in foot
   r_tarsal_middle_phalanx_4 r_tarsal_middle_phalanx_4 bone in foot
   r_tarsal_middle_phalanx_5 r_tarsal_middle_phalanx_5 bone in foot
   r_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_1 r_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_1 bone in foot
   r_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_2 r_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_2 bone in foot
   r_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_3 r_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_3 bone in foot
   r_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_4 r_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_4 bone in foot
   r_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_5 r_tarsal_proximal_phalanx_5 bone in foot
   r_temporal r_temporal paired bone situated at sides and base of skull, lateral to temporal lobe of cerebral cortex
   r_thigh r_thigh r_thigh includes r_femur
   r_tibia r_tibia tibia, also known as the shinbone, shankbone or simply shin, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of two bones in leg below knee
   r_trapezium r_trapezium bone in wrist
   r_trapezoid r_trapezoid bone in wrist
   r_triquetral r_triquetral bone in wrist
   r_ulna r_ulna long bone in forearm stretching from elbow to wrist, on same side of forearm as little finger, running parallel to radius which is other long bone in forearm
   r_upperarm r_upperarm r_upperarm includes r_humerus
   r_zygomatic r_zygomatic zygomatic bone (also called cheekbone or malar bone) is situated at upper and lateral part of face
   rcartend rcartend cartilage model, TODO finish
   rccart rccart cartilage model, TODO finish
   rccart2 rccart2 cartilage model, TODO finish
   rfreecrt rfreecrt cartilage model, TODO finish
   sacrum sacrum triangular bone at base of spine that forms by fusing of sacral vertebrae (s1-s5) between ages 18 and 30, situated at upper, back part of pelvic cavity, between two wings of pelvis
   skull skull The human skull is generally considered to consist of 22 bones: eight cranial bones and fourteen facial skeleton bones. In the neurocranium these are the occipital bone, two temporal bones, two parietal bones, the sphenoid, ethmoid and frontal bones. The bones of the facial skeleton (14) are the vomer, two inferior nasal conchae, two nasal bones, two maxilla, two palatine bones, two zygomatic bones, and two lacrimal bones. This composite model also includes the upper teeth. The mandible and lower teeth are separate, animatable together, and included in the jaw.x3d model.
   sphenoid sphenoid unpaired bone of neurocranium, situated in middle of skull towards front, in front of basilar part of occipital bone
   spine spine Specification reference: X3D 4.0 Architecture, ISO/IEC 19775-1:202x draft version 4.1, clause 4 Concepts, section 4.11.6.6 LOA‑5 hierarchy The spinal column, also known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone, is the part of the axial skeleton in humans and othervertebrate animals. The spinal column is a segmented column of vertebrae that surrounds and protects the spinal cord. The vertebrae are separated by intervertebral discs in a series of cartilaginous joints.

Specification reference: X3D 4.0 Architecture, ISO/IEC 19775-1:202x draft version 4.1, clause 4 Concepts, section 4.11.6.6 LOA‑5 hierarchy
   sternum sternum sternum or breastbone is long flat bone located in central part of chest that connects to ribs via cartilage and forms front of rib cage, thus helping to protect heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury
   t1 t1 t1 is among the thoracic vertebrae that compose middle segment of vertebral column, between cervical and lumbar vertebrae
   t10 t10 t10 is among the thoracic vertebrae that compose middle segment of vertebral column, between cervical and lumbar vertebrae
   t10disc t10disc intervertebral disc
   t11 t11 t11 is among the thoracic vertebrae that compose middle segment of vertebral column, between cervical and lumbar vertebrae
   t11disc t11disc intervertebral disc
   t12 t12 t12 is among the thoracic vertebrae that compose middle segment of vertebral column, between cervical and lumbar vertebrae
   t12disc t12disc intervertebral disc
   t1disc t1disc intervertebral disc
   t2 t2 t2 is among the thoracic vertebrae that compose middle segment of vertebral column, between cervical and lumbar vertebrae
   t2disc t2disc intervertebral disc
   t3 t3 t3 is among the thoracic vertebrae that compose middle segment of vertebral column, between cervical and lumbar vertebrae
   t3disc t3disc intervertebral disc
   t4 t4 t4 is among the thoracic vertebrae that compose middle segment of vertebral column, between cervical and lumbar vertebrae
   t4disc t4disc intervertebral disc
   t5 t5 t5 is among the thoracic vertebrae that compose middle segment of vertebral column, between cervical and lumbar vertebrae
   t5disc t5disc intervertebral disc
   t6 t6 t6 is among the thoracic vertebrae that compose middle segment of vertebral column, between cervical and lumbar vertebrae
   t6disc t6disc intervertebral disc
   t7 t7 t7 is among the thoracic vertebrae that compose middle segment of vertebral column, between cervical and lumbar vertebrae
   t7disc t7disc intervertebral disc
   t8 t8 t8 is among the thoracic vertebrae that compose middle segment of vertebral column, between cervical and lumbar vertebrae
   t8disc t8disc intervertebral disc
   t9 t9 t9 is among the thoracic vertebrae that compose middle segment of vertebral column, between cervical and lumbar vertebrae
   t9disc t9disc intervertebral disc
   teethBottomRowComparison teethBottomRowComparison test scene comparing earlier work of intermediate versions and raw geometry: bottom row of teeth caps and roots, comparing Inline model loading (on left) to duplicative copies of rescaled geometry used previously (on right)
   teethTopRowComparison teethTopRowComparison test scene comparing earlier work of intermediate versions and raw geometry: top row of teeth of teeth caps and roots, comparing Inline model loading (on left) to duplicative copies of rescaled geometry used previously (on right)
   tooth_canine_11_23 tooth_canine_11_23 tooth_canine_11_23, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #11, ISO 3950 standard designation #23
   tooth_canine_22_33 tooth_canine_22_33 tooth_canine_22_33, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #22, ISO 3950 standard designation #33
   tooth_canine_27_43 tooth_canine_27_43 tooth_incisor_27_43, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #27, ISO 3950 standard designation #43
   tooth_canine_6_13 tooth_canine_6_13 tooth_canine_6_13, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #6, ISO 3950 standard designation #13
   tooth_incisor_10_22 tooth_incisor_10_22 tooth_incisor_10_22, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #10, ISO 3950 standard designation #22
   tooth_incisor_23_32 tooth_incisor_23_32 tooth_incisor_23_32, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #23, ISO 3950 standard designation #32
   tooth_incisor_24_31 tooth_incisor_24_31 tooth_incisor_24_31, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #24, ISO 3950 standard designation #31
   tooth_incisor_25_41 tooth_incisor_25_41 tooth_incisor_25_41, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #25, ISO 3950 standard designation #41
   tooth_incisor_26_42 tooth_incisor_26_42 tooth_incisor_26_42, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #26, ISO 3950 standard designation #42
   tooth_incisor_7_12 tooth_incisor_7_12 tooth_incisor_7_12, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #7, ISO 3950 standard designation #12
   tooth_incisor_8_11 tooth_incisor_8_11 tooth_incisor_8_11, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #8, ISO 3950 standard designation #11
   tooth_incisor_9_21 tooth_incisor_9_21 tooth_incisor_9_21, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #9, ISO 3950 standard designation #21
   tooth_molar_14_26 tooth_molar_14_26 tooth_molar_14_26, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #14, ISO 3950 standard designation #26
   tooth_molar_15_27 tooth_molar_15_27 tooth_molar_15_27, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #15, ISO 3950 standard designation #27
   tooth_molar_16_28 tooth_molar_16_28 tooth_molar_16_28, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #16, ISO 3950 standard designation #28
   tooth_molar_17_38 tooth_molar_17_38 tooth_molar_17_38, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #17, ISO 3950 standard designation #38
   tooth_molar_18_37 tooth_molar_18_37 tooth_molar_18_37, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #18, ISO 3950 standard designation #37
   tooth_molar_19_36 tooth_molar_19_36 tooth_molar_19_36, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #19, ISO 3950 standard designation #36
   tooth_molar_1_18 tooth_molar_1_18 tooth_molar_1_18, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #1, ISO 3950 standard designation #18
   tooth_molar_2_17 tooth_molar_2_17 tooth_molar_2_17, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #2, ISO 3950 standard designation #17
   tooth_molar_30_46 tooth_molar_30_46 tooth_molar_30_46, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #30, ISO 3950 standard designation #46
   tooth_molar_31_47 tooth_molar_31_47 tooth_molar_31_47, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #31, ISO 3950 standard designation #47
   tooth_molar_32_48 tooth_molar_32_48 tooth_molar_32_48, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #32, ISO 3950 standard designation #48
   tooth_molar_3_16 tooth_molar_3_16 tooth_molar_3_16, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #3, ISO 3950 standard designation #16
   tooth_premolar_12_24 tooth_premolar_12_24 tooth_premolar_12_24, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #12, ISO 3950 standard designation #24
   tooth_premolar_13_25 tooth_premolar_13_25 tooth_premolar_13_25, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #13, ISO 3950 standard designation #25
   tooth_premolar_20_35 tooth_premolar_20_35 tooth_premolar_20_35, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #20, ISO 3950 standard designation #35
   tooth_premolar_21_34 tooth_premolar_21_34 tooth_premolar_21_34, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #21, ISO 3950 standard designation #34
   tooth_premolar_28_44 tooth_premolar_28_44 tooth_premolar_28_44, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #28, ISO 3950 standard designation #44
   tooth_premolar_29_45 tooth_premolar_29_45 tooth_premolar_29_45, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #29, ISO 3950 standard designation #45
   tooth_premolar_4_15 tooth_premolar_4_15 tooth_premolar_4_15, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #4, ISO 3950 standard designation #15
   tooth_premolar_5_14 tooth_premolar_5_14 tooth_premolar_5_14, lower left Universal Numbering System (UNS) #5, ISO 3950 standard designation #14
   upperTeeth upperTeeth upperTeeth includes all upper teeth
   vomer vomer facial bone in the skull

The X3D Resources: Examples page and X3D Developers Guide provide more information about the production of this archive.